it's very safe living here，this will keep her safe

经过几个月的期待，新冠肺炎疫苗终于在全国分发。但在接种疫苗后，尤其是有突破性病例的报道后，去看望奶奶、爷爷等高危亲属，最终是否安全？继续阅读最新指南和重要注意事项。

CDC Guidelines for Fully Vaccinated Family Members

美国疾病控制和预防中心(疾控中心)最近改变了对完全接种疫苗的个体的指导方针（有人在接受第二剂Moderna或辉瑞疫苗两周后，以及在接受约翰逊约翰逊疫苗两周后被认为完全接种了疫苗)。该组织表示，如果你在没有大量或高传播的地区，完全接种疫苗的人可以在公共场所聚集，而无需戴口罩或保持社交距离。

美国疾控中心称，如果你的免疫系统减弱，或者由于你的年龄或潜在的医疗条件，你患严重疾病的风险增加，或者如果你的家庭成员免疫系统减弱，患严重疾病的风险增加，或者没有接种疫苗，无论传播程度如何，你都可以选择戴口罩。

如果在过去10天内新冠肺炎检测呈阳性，如果出现症状，或者法律法规要求，完全接种疫苗的人也应该戴上口罩。

RELATED: 家庭何时能接种新冠肺炎疫苗？以下是专家所说的，未接种疫苗的人仍应遵循所有推荐的新冠肺炎安全预防措施，如戴口罩、保持社交距离、避免在没有适当通风的情况下进入拥挤的室内空间。

Important Considerations for Visiting Vaccinated Relatives

尽管有这些更新的疾控中心祖父母和相关指南，但仍有太多关于冠状病毒肺炎的信息我们不确定，美国联邦航空局首席医疗官珍妮肯卡雷说。我们与专家讨论了在拜访接种疫苗的家庭成员之前要考虑的重要因素。

The vaccine is highly effective, but it's not foolproof.

Bo

th Pfizer and Moderna require two doses, while Johnson & Johnson is a single-dose shot. All available vaccines are highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death from COVID-19. That said, breakthrough cases are possible as immunity wanes over time, especially with the contagious Delta variant spreading across the country. And while most breakthrough cases are mild or asymptotic, severe illness can happen on rare occasions.

• RELATED: What Parents Need to Know About the New, More Infectious COVID-19 Strain

Make sure to keep these facts in mind when mulling over questions like "Can I hug my grandchildren after the vaccine?" or "Can I visit my grandparents?" You simply don't know whether your relatives will still be susceptible to COVID-19 after vaccination.

Vaccine immunity decreases over time.

At this stage, experts are researching how long you're immune to COVID-19 after receiving the vaccine, says Rosemary Olivero, M.D., head of the pediatric infectious disease program at Helen DeVos Children's Hospital. They've found that effectiveness does tend to decrease over time, which is why U.S. health officials are recommending booster shots six months after vaccination with Pfizer and Moderna, and two months after vaccination with Johnson & Johnson.

An image of a woman visiting her grandmother through a window. Credit: Getty Images.

Experts don't know whether people can still spread COVID-19 after getting vaccinated.

The vaccines are designed to protect vaccinated individuals from getting sick. Clinical trials didn't test whether they could still spread SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19, says Dr. Olivero. Vaccines usually prevent transmission, and while early data indicates the COVID-19 vaccine might do the same, experts still aren't 100 percent sure of the specifics. Indeed, it seems that the Delta variant could still be transmitted by vaccinated individuals.

• RELATED: Will the COVID-19 Vaccine Be Mandatory for Kids?

Why is this important for families? There are no vaccines currently available for children under the age of 5. "Although children have not been shown to get as sick from COVID-19, it is still possible for them to catch the virus and unknowingly spread it," says Sandra Adams, PhD,  Virologist and Professor of Biology at Montclair State University. In other words, your kids could possibly contract the coronavirus from vaccinated family members, although the risk is minimal.

The Bottom Line

Given the CDC's latest guideline, it's probably safe for vaccinated people to visit (and hug!) their family members, but make sure to follow COVID-19 trends and take recommended precautions.