部署主从数据库
IP
主机名
节点
192.168.233.11
mysql1
主数据库节点
192.168.233.13
mysql2
从数据库节点
一 安装
（1）修改主机名
用Xshell连接到192.168.233.11、192.168.233.13 这两台虚拟机，并对这两台虚拟机进行修改主机名的操作，192.168.233.11 主机名修改为mysql1，192.168.233.13主机名修改为mysql2。
mysql1节点：
[root @ localhost ~]# hostname CTL set-hostname MySQL 1
[root@localhost ~]#注销
[root@mysql1 ~]# hostnamectl
静态主机名： mysql1
图标名称：计算机-虚拟机
机箱：虚拟机
机器id : 179 F6 c8 F2 e 7942 ef 81 b 0 f 5565 a 6883 fa
靴子id : 69 ad 020d 53 e 54892 b 9005 f 82 e 182 c 140
虚拟化： vmware
操作系统： CentOS Linux 7(核心)
客户终端设备（Customer Premise Equipment的缩写）操作系统名称： CPE :/o : centos : centos :7
内核： Linux 3。10 .0-327 .El 7。x86 _ 64
体系结构： x86-64
mysql2节点：
[root @ localhost ~]# hostname CTL set-hostname MySQL 2
[root@localhost ~]#注销
[root@mysql2 ~]# hostnamectl
静态主机名： mysql2
图标名称：计算机-虚拟机
机箱：虚拟机
机器id : 179 F6 c8 F2 e 7942 ef 81 b 0 f 5565 a 6883 fa
引导id : 816 b 270 a 1275496 CAA 3254300 fc 359 C4
虚拟化： vmware
操作系统： CentOS Linux 7(核心)
客户终端设备（Customer Premise Equipment的缩写）操作系统名称： CPE :/o : centos : centos :7
内核： Linux 3。10 .0-327 .El 7。x86 _ 64
体系结构： x86-64
(2）关闭防火墙及SELinux服务
# setenforce 0
# systemctl停止防火墙d
（3）配置 hosts 文件
两个节点配置/etc/hosts文件(vi/etc/hosts)进入)
127 .0 .0 .1 localhost localhost。本地域本地主机4本地主机
4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.233.11 mysql1
192.168.233.13 mysql2 （输入两个节点IP）
（4）配置 YUM 源并安装数据库服务
挂载CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso镜像并自行配置YUM源，配置完毕后，两个节点安装数据库服务
# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server
两个节点启动数据库服务并设置开机自启
# systemctl start mariadb # systemctl enable mariadb Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
二 初始化数据库并配置主从服务
（1）初始化数据库
两个节点初始化数据库，配置数据库 root 密码为 123456
[root@mysql1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #默认按回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password [Y/n] y
New password: #输入数据库root密码 123456
Re-enter new password: #再次输入密码 123456
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
（2）配置 mysql1 主节点
修改mysql1节点的数据库配置文件，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]增添如下内容
[root@mysql1 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = mysql-bin #记录操作日志 binlog_ignore_db = mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库 server_id = 11 #数据库集群中的每个节点id都要不同，一般使用IP地址的最后段的数字，例如192.168.233.11，server_id就写11 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
重启数据库服务，并进入数据库，命令如下：
[root@mysql1 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@mysql1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]
在 mysql2 中
MariaDB [(none)] grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)] grant replication slave on *.* to 'user'@'mysql2' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
（3）配置 mysql2 从节点
修改mysql2节点的数据库配置文件，在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]增添如下内容
[root@mysql2 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = mysql-bin #记录操作日志 binlog_ignore_db = mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库 server_id =13 #数据库集群中的每个节点id都要不同，一般使用IP地址的最后段的数字，例如192.168.233.13，server_id就写13 datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
在从节点mysql2上登录MariaDB数据库，配置从节点连接主节点的连接信息。master_host为主节点主机名mysql1，master_user为上一步中创建的用户user
[root@mysql2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@mysql2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)] change master to master_host='mysql1',master_user='user',master_password='000000'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
配置完毕主从数据库之间的连接信息之后，开启从节点服务。使用show slave status\G命令，并查看从节点服务状态，如果Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的状态都为YES，则从节点服务开启成功
MariaDB [(none)] start slave;
MariaDB [(none)] show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql1
Master_User: user
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000005
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 1256
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 30
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的状态都是Yes，配置数据库主从集群成功
三 验证数据库主从服务
（1）主节点创建数据库
先在主节点mysql1中创建库test，并在库test中创建表company，插入表数据，创建完成后，查看表company数据
[root@mysql1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)] create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)] use test; Database changed MariaDB [test] create table company(id int not null primary key,name varchar(50),addr varchar(255)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [test] insert into company values(1,"alibaba","china"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [test] select * from company; +----+---------+-------+ | id | name | addr | +----+---------+-------+ | 1 | alibaba | china | +----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（2）从节点验证复制功能
登录mysql2节点的数据库，查看数据库列表。找到test数据库，查询表，并查询内容验证从数据库的复制功能
[root@mysql2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 5 Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)] show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)] use test; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MariaDB [test] show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | company | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test] select * from company; +----+---------+-------+ | id | name | addr | +----+---------+-------+ | 1 | alibaba | china | +----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以查看到主数据库中刚刚创建的库、表、信息，验证从数据库的复制功能成功
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