有一同学问∶
如何理解分析下面一句中的过去分词 gathered∶
(1)Soon there was an army of brave Scotsmen gathered around him.
其实
有一种过去分词，与一般过去分词不同。它在语法上叫做主动（active）或不及物（intransitive）过去分词。
这种过去分词表主动，不表被动;
是不及物，不是及物;
这种过去分词大致可分为两类，一类是相当于完成时态，但不强调动作，只表状态，
如∶
(2)He is gone.
(3)He is drunk.
(4)She had been to Shanghai,and was now returned.
(5)Now the sun is risen.
(6)The fields were grown parched and yellow.
(7)I am determined to go on.
也常相当于形容词，如∶
(8) a retired worker
(9) a withered flower
(10) a deserted village
(11) a returned student
(12)an escaped convict
另一类则表比较固定的状态，常与状语连用，置于其所修饰的名词之后，上述句（1）中的 gathered 即属于这一类，
再如∶
(13)He was twenty-six, huge and sallowand dark, like a deity descended from Olympus.
(14)Helay huddled up in a corner.
(15)He is well read in poetry.
(16)I saw many distinguished persons assembled in the garden.
这种过去分词自然也可以独立使用，不与状语搭配，
如∶
(17)By the back door Dolly crouched, huddled and shaking.
你懂了么？
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